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Author: Ulrich Beck

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

ISBN: 0745669522

Category: Business & Economics

Page: 120

The euro crisis is tearing Europe apart. But the heart of the matter is that, as the crisis unfolds, the basic rules of European democracy are being subverted or turned into their opposite, bypassing parliaments, governments and EU institutions. Multilateralism is turning into unilateralism, equality into hegemony, sovereignty into the dependency and recognition into disrespect for the dignity of other nations. Even France, which long dominated European integration, must submit to Berlin’s strictures now that it must fear for its international credit rating. How did this happen? The anticipation of the European catastrophe has already fundamentally changed the European landscape of power. It is giving birth to a political monster: a German Europe. Germany did not seek this leadership position - rather, it is a perfect illustration of the law of unintended consequences. The invention and implementation of the euro was the price demanded by France in order to pin Germany down to a European Monetary Union in the context of German unification. It was a quid pro quo for binding a united Germany into a more integrated Europe in which France would continue to play the leading role. But the precise opposite has happened. Economically the euro turned out to be very good for Germany, and with the euro crisis Chancellor Angela Merkel became the informal Queen of Europe. The new grammar of power reflects the difference between creditor and debtor countries; it is not a military but an economic logic. Its ideological foundation is ‘German euro nationalism’ - that is, an extended European version of the Deutschmark nationalism that underpinned German identity after the Second World War. In this way the German model of stability is being surreptitiously elevated into the guiding idea for Europe. The Europe we have now will not be able to survive in the risk-laden storms of the globalized world. The EU has to be more than a grim marriage sustained by the fear of the chaos that would be caused by its breakdown. It has to be built on something more positive: a vision of rebuilding Europe bottom-up, creating a Europe of the citizen. There is no better way to reinvigorate Europe than through the coming together of ordinary Europeans acting on their own behalf.

Berlin Rules

Europe and the German Way

Author: Paul Lever

Publisher: I.B.Tauris

ISBN: 1786721813

Category: History

Page: 288

In the second half of the twentieth century, Germany became the dominant political and economic power in Europe – and the arbiter of all important EU decisions. Yet Germany’s leadership of the EU is geared principally to the defence of German national interests. Germany exercises power in order to protect the German economy and to enable it to play an influential role in the wider world. Beyond that there is no underlying vision or purpose. In this book, former British ambassador in Berlin Paul Lever provides a unique insight into modern Germany. He shows how the country’s history has influenced its current economic and political structures and provides important perspectives on its likely future challenges and choices, especially in the context of the 2015 refugee crisis which saw over 1 million immigrants offered a home in Germany. As Britain prepares to leave the European Union, this book will be essential reading and suggests the future shape of a Germany dominated Europe.

German Minorities in Europe

Ethnic Identity and Cultural Belonging

Author: Stefan Wolff

Publisher: Berghahn Books

ISBN: 9781571815040

Category: History

Page: 235

Ethnic conflicts have shaped the 20th century in significant ways. While the legacy of the last century is primarily one of many unresolved conflicts, the author contends that Western Europe has a track record in containing and settling ethnic conflicts which provides valuable lessons for conflict management elsewhere. Focusing on ethno-territorial crossborder conflicts in Alsace, the Saarland, South Tyrol, and Northern Ireland, Andorra and the New Hebrides, the author develops a four-dimensional analytical framework that synthesizes the distinct factors that influence the complex relationship between host-state, kin-state, actors in the disputed territory, and in the international context.

Germany Unified and Europe Transformed

A Study in Statecraft

Author: Philip Zelikow,Condoleezza Rice

Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.

ISBN: 9780674353244

Category: History

Page: 493

Describes the events surrounding the unification of Germany in 1990

The German Genius

Europe's Third Renaissance, the Second Scientific Revolution and the Twentieth Century

Author: Peter Watson

Publisher: Simon and Schuster

ISBN: 085720324X

Category: History

Page: 992

From the end of the Baroque age and the death of Bach in 1750 to the rise of Hitler in 1933, Germany was transformed from a poor relation among western nations into a dominant intellectual and cultural force more influential than France, Britain, Italy, Holland, and the United States. In the early decades of the 20th century, German artists, writers, philosophers, scientists, and engineers were leading their freshly-unified country to new and undreamed of heights, and by 1933, they had won more Nobel prizes than anyone else and more than the British and Americans combined. But this genius was cut down in its prime with the rise and subsequent fall of Adolf Hitler and his fascist Third Reich-a legacy of evil that has overshadowed the nation's contributions ever since. Yet how did the Germans achieve their pre-eminence beginning in the mid-18th century? In this fascinating cultural history, Peter Watson goes back through time to explore the origins of the German genius, how it flourished and shaped our lives, and, most importantly, to reveal how it continues to shape our world. As he convincingly demonstarates, while we may hold other European cultures in higher esteem, it was German thinking-from Bach to Nietzsche to Freud-that actually shaped modern America and Britain in ways that resonate today.

The German Lands and Eastern Europe

Essays on the History of their Social, Cultural and Political Relations

Author: Karen Schönwälder,Roger Bartlett

Publisher: Springer

ISBN: 1349270946

Category: Political Science

Page: 288

The relationship between Germans and their non-German counterparts in Central and East Europe has been a fundamental feature of European History. The twelve essays in this volume address key aspects of this complex and multifaceted relationship which has been marked by friendship and cooperation as well as enmity and strife. The topics range from medieval peasant settlement to present-day relations between Germans and Poles. Central themes are national identity, the emergence and development of mixed communities and inter-cultural communication.

The Paradox of German Power

Author: Hans Kundnani

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

ISBN: 0190245506

Category: History

Page: 160

Since the Euro crisis began, Germany has emerged as Europe's dominant power. During the last three years, German Chancellor Angela Merkel has been compared with Bismarck and even Hitler in the European media. And yet few can deny that Germany today is very different from the stereotype of nineteenth- and twentieth-century history. After nearly seventy years of struggling with the Nazi past, Germans think that they more than anyone have learned its lessons. Above all, what the new Germany thinks it stands for is peace. Germany is unique in this combination of economic assertiveness and military abstinence. So what does it mean to have a "German Europe" in the twenty-first century? In The Paradox of German Power, Hans Kundnani explains how Germany got to where it is now and where it might go in future. He explores German national identity and foreign policy through a series of tensions in German thinking and action: between continuity and change, between "normality" and "abnormality," between economics and politics, and between Europe and the world.

Theatre in Europe Under German Occupation

Author: Anselm Heinrich

Publisher: Routledge

ISBN: 1317628861

Category: History

Page: 274

The Second World War went beyond previous military conflicts. It was not only about specific geographical gains or economic goals, but also about the brutal and lasting reshaping of Europe as a whole. Theatre in Europe Under German Occupation explores the part that theatre played in the Nazi war effort. Using a case-study approach, it illustrates the crucial and heavily subsidised role of theatre as a cultural extension of the military machine, key to Nazi Germany’s total war doctrine. Covering theatres in Oslo, Riga, Lille, Lodz, Krakau, Warsaw, Prague, The Hague and Kiev, Anselm Heinrich looks at the history and context of their operation; the wider political, cultural and propagandistic implications in view of their function in wartime; and their legacies. Theatre in Europe Under German Occupation focuses for the first time on Nazi Germany’s attempts to control and shape the cultural sector in occupied territories, shedding new light on the importance of theatre for the regime’s military and political goals.

German History, 1770-1866

Author: James J. Sheehan

Publisher: Oxford University Press

ISBN: 9780198204329

Category: Foreign Language Study

Page: 969

Now available in paperback, this is a uniquely authoritative study of Germany from the mid-eighteenth century to the formation of the Bismarckian Reich. James J. Sheehan gives an extensive account of social and cultural, as well as political developments, and shows that the creation of a Prussian-led nation-state should not be seen as `natural' or inevitable. He shows how German history in this period was shaped by three separable yet closely linked developments: the rise of sovereign territorial states, the expansion of economic activity and social mobility, and the emergence of a literary culture.

Europe Un-Imagined

Nation and Culture at a French-German Television Channel

Author: Damien Stankiewicz

Publisher: University of Toronto Press

ISBN: 1442628790

Category: Performing Arts

Page: 282

Damien Stankiewicz's ground-breaking ethnographic study of the various contexts of media production work at ARTE (the newsroom, the editing studio, the screening room), reveals how ideas about French, German, and European culture coalesce and circulate at the channel.

A History of Franco-German Relations in Europe

From "Hereditary Enemies" to Partners

Author: C. Germond,H. Türk

Publisher: Springer

ISBN: 0230616631

Category: History

Page: 286

This book surveys Franco-German relations from the French Revolution to the 1990s, collecting the most current research from area specialists.

Refugees From Nazi Germany and the Liberal European States

Author: Frank Caestecker,Bob Moore

Publisher: Berghahn Books

ISBN: 1845457994

Category: History

Page: 358

The exodus of refugees from Nazi Germany in the 1930s has received far more attention from historians, social scientists, and demographers than many other migrations and persecutions in Europe. However, as a result of the overwhelming attention that has been given to the Holocaust within the historiography of Europe and the Second World War, the issues surrounding the flight of people from Nazi Germany prior to 1939 have been seen as Vorgeschichte (pre-history), implicating the Western European democracies and the United States as bystanders only in the impending tragedy. Based on a comparative analysis of national case studies, this volume deals with the challenges that the pre-1939 movement of refugees from Germany and Austria posed to the immigration controls in the countries of interwar Europe. Although Europe takes center-stage, this volume also looks beyond, to the Middle East, Asia and America. This global perspective outlines the constraints under which European policy makers (and the refugees) had to make decisions. By also considering the social implications of policies that became increasingly protectionist and nationalistic, and bringing into focus the similarities and differences between European liberal states in admitting the refugees, it offers an important contribution to the wider field of research on political and administrative practices.

Germany, America, Europe

Forty Years of German Foreign Policy

Author: Wolfram F. Hanrieder

Publisher: N.A

ISBN: 9780300040227

Category: History

Page: 509

Discusses how the goals of the Federal Republic of Germany -- security, political and economic integration into the West, and German unity -- were shaped by the conditions of the post-war state system and the Germans' response to them. The author's views on the fall of the Berlin Wall are included.

The 1848 Revolutions in German-Speaking Europe

Author: H.J. Hahn

Publisher: Routledge

ISBN: 1317879449

Category: History

Page: 252

In 1848 the continent of Europe was rocked by revolutions: only Great Britain and Russia remained relatively immune to the upheaval. Most spectacularly, the Revolutions swept across the German-speaking lands of central Europe, with the newly-released forces of nationalism and mass popular protest smashing the reactionary Metternich regimes which had held sway since the defeat of Napoleon. The Metternich system was dead: nationalism and national self-determination asserted themselves as the dominant dynamic forces of continental Europe in the later nineteenth century. This impressive history examines the political and social implications of the 1848 Revolutions for the future destiny and shape of Europe as a whole, and explores the wider forces at play in the German lands of nineteenth-century Europe.

The Lure of Fascism in Western Europe

German Nazis, Dutch and French Fascists, 1933-1939

Author: D. Orlow

Publisher: Springer

ISBN: 0230617921

Category: History

Page: 260

This book breaks new ground by analyzing the reciprocal relationship between a fascism that had reached the power phase (Nazi Germany) and fascist movements in two neighbouring countries which were attempting to come to power in their respective societies.

Forgotten Voices

The Expulsion of the Germans from Eastern Europe after World War II

Author: Ulrich Merten

Publisher: Transaction Publishers

ISBN: 1412852587

Category: History

Page: 336

The news agency Reuters reported in 2009 that a mass grave containing 1,800 bodies was found in Malbork, Poland. Polish authorities suspected that they were German civilians that were killed by advancing Soviet forces. A Polish archeologist supervising the exhumation, said, "We are dealing with a mass grave of civilians, probably of German origin. The presence of children . . . suggests they were civilians." During World War II, the German Nazi regime committed great crimes against innocent civilian victims: Jews, Poles, Russians, Serbs, and other people of Central and Eastern Europe. At war's end, however, innocent German civilians in turn became victims of crimes against humanity. Forgotten Voices lets these victims of ethnic cleansing tell their story in their own words, so that they and what they endured are not forgotten. This volume is an important supplement to the voices of victims of totalitarianism and has been written in order to keep the historical record clear. The root cause of this tragedy was ultimately the Nazi German regime. As a leading German historian, Hans-Ulrich Wehler has noted, "Germany should avoid creating a cult of victimization, and thus forgetting Auschwitz and the mass killing of Russians." Ulrich Merten argues that applying collective punishment to an entire people is a crime against humanity. He concludes that this should also be recognized as a European catastrophe, not only a German one, because of its magnitude and the broad violation of human rights that occurred on European soil. Supplementary maps and pictures are available online at http://www.forgottenvoices.net

Germany, 1866-1945

Author: Gordon Alexander Craig

Publisher: Oxford : Clarendon Press

ISBN: 9780198221135

Category: History

Page: 825

Examines the people, parties, and pressure groups that shaped Germany's domestic and foreign policy from 1866 onward and the factors and events leading to two world wars and to the Third Reich

The German Wall

Fallout in Europe

Author: Marc Silberman

Publisher: Springer

ISBN: 0230118577

Category: History

Page: 257

This interdisciplinary volume addresses the consequences of the fall of the Berlin Wall, from the revitalizing effect it had on Germany to the new challenges of integrating socially and politically old and new minorities, and forming a new European identity. It also considers how the fall was represented by the media.

Consort Suites and Dance Music by Town Musicians in German-Speaking Europe, 1648–1700

Author: Michael Robertson

Publisher: Routledge

ISBN: 1317161793

Category: Music

Page: 264

This companion volume to The Courtly Consort Suite in German-Speaking Europe surveys an area of music neglected by modern scholars: the consort suites and dance music by musicians working in the seventeenth-century German towns. Conditions of work in the German towns are examined in detail, as are the problems posed by the many untrained travelling players who were often little more than beggars. The central part of the book explores the organisation, content and assembly of town suites into carefully ordered printed collections, which refutes the concept of the so-called 'classical' suite. The differences between court and town suites are dealt with alongside the often-ignored variation suite from the later decades of the seventeenth century and the separate suite-writing traditions of Leipzig and Hamburg. While the seventeenth-century keyboard suite has received a good deal of attention from modern scholars, its often symbiotic relationship with the consort suite has been ignored. This book aims to redress the balance and to deal with one very important but often ignored aspect of seventeenth-century notation: the use of blackened notes, which are rarely notated in a meaningful way in modern editions, with important implications for performance.

The Shortest History of Germany

Author: James Hawes

Publisher: Experiment

ISBN: 9781615195695

Category: History

Page: 256

An internationally bestselling, fresh, and entertaining take on the 2,000-year history of Germany--a country at the heart of the West's survival As the West grapples with the rise of populism, some cite Germany as one of the last global powers capable of restoring Europe's fading glory and upholding Western liberal values seemingly under threat around the world. But how did Germany get here? How did it rebuild in the tragic aftermath of WWII? What about Germany allowed for the rise of Nazism in the first place? And what can we learn from the history of a people who did not develop a modern nation until 1871? James Hawes answers all these questions and more. With over 100 maps, images, and diagrams, The Shortest History of Germany locates the true roots of the horrors of Nazi Germany in a way that no book has done before, and it shows how an ancient Roman divide--the limes Germanicus--has fundamentally defined not only German history, but also the Germany we think we know today.